Advances in Cosmetic Surgery, 2018

<p>Editorial Board, </p> <p>Contributors, </p> <p>Introduction, </p> <p>Preface: A Look at What’s New and What’s Coming in Cosmetic Surgery, </p> <p>Nonsurgical Treatment of Submental Fullness</p> <p>Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.</p> <p>Introduction: nature of the problem and noninvasive approaches</p> <p>Deoxycholic acid</p> <p>Surgical technique</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits</p> <p>Cryolipolysis</p> <p>Preoperative planning</p> <p>Preparation/procedural approach Immediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Clinical results in the literature Potential complications/risks/benefits/</p> <p>limits</p> <p>Ultrasound and radiofrequency devices</p> <p>Summary/discussion</p> <p>Nonsurgical Skin Tightening: Moving Below the Neck: Breast Lifting, Arm Lifting</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Energy-based devices for skin tightening</p> <p>Radiofrequency</p> <p>Ultrasound</p> <p>Lasers</p> <p>Shockwaves</p> <p>New-Generation Fillers</p> <p>Noninvasive skin tightening of the body</p> <p>Neck</p> <p>Decollete Area</p> <p>Arms</p> <p>Abdomen</p> <p>Knees</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Rejuvenation of the Neck</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Relevant anatomy The aged neck</p> <p>Surgical technique</p> <p>Preoperative planning</p> <p>Surgical options</p> <p>Positioning and surgical site preparation</p> <p>Procedure approach</p> <p>Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Summary/discussion</p> <p>Submentoplasty</p> <p>Treatment of Striae: Are There Effective Treatments?</p> <p>Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Surgical technique</p> <p>Preoperative planning</p> <p>Preparation and patient positioning Immediate postprocedural care</p> <p>Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Potential complications, risks, benefits, and limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Treatment of striae</p> <p>Topical treatment of striae</p> <p>Dermabrasion</p> <p>Needling therapy</p> <p>Light-based treatment of striae</p> <p>Photodynamic therapy</p> <p>Nonablative laser treatment of striae</p> <p>Excimer</p> <p>Pulse dye laser</p> <p>Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet</p> <p>Diode</p> <p>Ablative laser treatment of striae</p> <p>Fractional nonablative treatment of striae Fractional ablative treatment of striae</p> <p>Erbium:yag laser</p> <p>Co2 laser</p> <p>Radiofrequency devices</p> <p>Combination treatments</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Updates in Cellulite Reduction</p> <p>Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Etiology</p> <p>Treatment options to date Advances in treatment</p> <p>Treatment technique for cellfina and</p> <p>cellulaze</p> <p>Preoperative planning (identical to both treatment options)</p> <p>Cellfina</p> <p>Cellulaze</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Current Evidence in Nonsurgical Fat Reduction</p> <p>Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.</p> <p>Introduction: nature of the problem</p> <p>Cryolipolysis (coolsculpting)</p> <p>Preprocedure planning</p> <p>Preparation and patient positioning</p> <p>Procedural approach</p> <p>Immediate post-procedural care Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Clinical results in the literature</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/</p> <p>limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Chemical lipolysis (deoxycholic acid/ kybella)</p> <p>Preprocedure planning</p> <p>Preparation and patient positioning</p> <p>Procedural approach</p> <p>Immediate post-procedural care Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Clinical results in the literature</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/</p> <p>limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Thermal modalities (ultrasound and radiofrequency)</p> <p>Preprocedure planning</p> <p>Ultrasound (ultraShape)</p> <p>Radiofrequency (bodyFX) Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/</p> <p>limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Summary/discussion</p> <p>Nonsurgical Body Contouring</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Surgical technique</p> <p>Preoperative planning</p> <p>Preparation and patient positioning</p> <p>Procedural approach</p> <p>Immediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Clinical results in the literature</p> <p>Lasers</p> <p>Radiofrequency</p> <p>Ultrasound</p> <p>Cryolipolysis</p> <p>Tissue stabilized–guided subcision</p> <p>Potential complications, risks, benefits and limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Nonsurgical Vaginal Rejuvenation</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Pathophysiology</p> <p>Clinical treatment indications</p> <p>Traditional treatments modalities</p> <p>Current alternative nonsurgical vaginal</p> <p>rejuvenation options</p> <p>Laser-tissue interactions: ablative lasers</p> <p>Carbon dioxide laser</p> <p>Erbium:yag laser</p> <p>Radiofrequency</p> <p>Beyond the vagina: additional applications</p> <p>Urinary incontinence</p> <p>Lichen sclerosus</p> <p>Female genital aesthetics and intimacy</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Cosmetic Surgery Following Weight Loss Surgery</p> <p>Introduction: nature of the problem Surgical technique</p> <p>Preoperative planning</p> <p>Markings</p> <p>Prep and patient positioning</p> <p>Markings</p> <p>Markings</p> <p>Markings</p> <p>Markings: abdominoplasty</p> <p>Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Immediate postprocedural care</p> <p>Clinical results in the literature</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/limits</p> <p>Management</p> <p>Summary/discussion</p> <p>Nonsurgical Facial Rejuvenation</p> <p>By Neil SadickIntroduction</p> <p>Topicals</p> <p>Chemical peels and microdermabrasion</p> <p>Ultrasound</p> <p>Radiofrequency</p> <p>Lasers</p> <p>Lasers and Light Devices</p> <p>Volumetric Fillers and Neurotoxins</p> <p>Bringing It All Together with Combination Approaches</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Radiofrequency with Microneedling </p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Mechanisms of skin tightening and dermal rejuvenation</p> <p>Cutaneous response to radiofrequency Cutaneous response to microneedling</p> <p>Fractional radiofrequency: the evidence</p> <p>Radiofrequency with microneedling: the</p> <p>evidence</p> <p>Patient selection</p> <p>Radiofrequency with microneedling: the procedure</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Injectable Fillers: Comparison of Materials, Indications, and Applications</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>History of injectable fillers</p> <p>Classification and mechanical properties of fillers</p> <p>Types of biologic fillers</p> <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> <p>Bovine collagen</p> <p>Human collagen</p> <p>Types of synthetic fillers</p> <p>Calcium hydroxylapatite</p> <p>Poly-L-lactic acid</p> <p>Polymethylmethacrylate</p> <p>Product choice</p> <p>Injection techniques and general considerations</p> <p>Injection techniques</p> <p>Blunt cannula versus fine needle</p> <p>Patient Preparation</p> <p>Rejuvenation of the upper face</p> <p>Age-Related changes</p> <p>Temples</p> <p>Brows</p> <p>Forehead</p> <p>Glabella</p> <p>Rejuvenation of the midface</p> <p>Age-related changes</p> <p>Malar region</p> <p>Superior periorbital area</p> <p>Inferior periorbital area</p> <p>Crow’s feet</p> <p>Nasolabial fold</p> <p>Nose</p> <p>Maxilla and alar base</p> <p>Rejuvenation of the lower face</p> <p>Age-related changes</p> <p>Perioral region</p> <p>Lips</p> <p>Jawline</p> <p>Jowls</p> <p>Marionette lines</p> <p>Other applications of injectable fillers</p> <p>Hand</p> <p>Acne and other scars</p> <p>Gender-specific considerations in men</p> <p>Complications and how to avoid them</p> <p>Adverse effects</p> <p>Immediate complications</p> <p>Early complications</p> <p>Late complications</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>High-Volume Lipofilling/Fat Transfer. New Methods, Techniques, and Technologies. What Is the Science? </p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Surgical technique</p> <p>Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/benefits/ limits</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Filler Complications</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Global filler safety</p> <p>Complications</p> <p>Nonischemic complications</p> <p>Nodules/granulomas</p> <p>Prolonged edema</p> <p>Tyndall effect</p> <p>Infection/biofilm</p> <p>Ischemic complications</p> <p>Soft tissue ischemia</p> <p>Blindness/visual compromise</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Current controversies/future considerations</p> <p>Comprehensive Treatment of Scars and Other Abnormalities of Wound Healing </p> <p>Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.</p> <p>Introduction: the impact of scars</p> <p>Clinical approach</p> <p>Acne and other atrophic scars</p> <p>Surgical technique: multimodal scar management</p> <p>Preoperative planning/considerations</p> <p>Preparation and patient positioning</p> <p>Rehabilitation and recovery</p> <p>Multimodal scar approach with algorithms</p> <p>Potential complications/risks/limits/</p> <p>benefits</p> <p>Summary and future directions</p> <p>Advances in the Treatment of Melasma: An Evidence-Based Approach</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Pretreatment planning</p> <p>Patient history</p> <p>Physical examination</p> <p>Treatment approach</p> <p>Topical therapy</p> <p>Sun protection</p> <p>Depigmenting agents</p> <p>Oral therapy</p> <p>Tranexamic acid</p> <p>Chemical peels</p> <p>Glycolic acid peels</p> <p>Salicylic acid peels</p> <p>Microneedling</p> <p>Energy-based treatments</p> <p>Nonablative lasers</p> <p>1550-nm fractional laser</p> <p>1927-nm fractionated nonablative thulium laser</p> <p>Low-energy, low-density 1927-nm fractionated nonablative diode laser</p> <p>Fully ablative lasers</p> <p>Fractional ablative lasers</p> <p>Intense pulsed light</p> <p>Pulsed dye laser</p> <p>Quality-switched lasers</p> <p>Q-switched ruby</p> <p>Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminum- garnet laser</p> <p>Picosecond lasers</p> <p>Summary and discussion, </p> <p>Picosecond Lasers: Do the Data Support the Claims? </p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Basic principles of tattoo removal</p> <p>Picosecond lasers and tattoos: the evidence</p> <p>Challenges to the treating tattoos</p> <p>Applying the evidence and treating the patient</p> <p>Pretreatment planning</p> <p>Treatment and posttreatment care</p> <p>Innovations and future directions: the fractionation of picosecond pulses</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Hair Biology and Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis, Neogenesis, and Management</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Hair development</p> <p>Hair cycling</p> <p>Stem cell dysfunction in alopecia</p> <p>Normal hair demographics</p> <p>Diagnostic test for androgenetic alopecia</p> <p>Androgenetic alopecia</p> <p>Male pattern hair loss and treatment</p> <p>Female pattern hair loss and treatment </p> <p>Telogen effluvium and treatment</p> <p>Novel approaches to androgenetic</p> <p>alopecia</p> <p>Platelet-rich plasma</p> <p>Adipose tissue and stromal vascular fraction</p> <p>Conditioned media</p> <p>Low-level light therapy </p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Platelet-Rich Plasma: Fact or Fantasy? </p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The history of platelet-rich plasma</p> <p>Definition and functional components of platelet-rich plasma</p> <p>Isolation of platelet-rich plasma and classification</p> <p>Current platelet-rich plasma applications</p> <p>Does platelet-rich plasma improve wound healing? </p> <p>Does platelet-rich plasma improve scar appearance? </p> <p>Does platelet-rich plasma enhance fat grafting? </p> <p>Does platelet-rich plasma promote hair growth? </p> <p>Does platelet-rich plasma rejuvenate the skin? </p> <p>What is the role of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct in cosmetic surgeries? </p> <p>Platelet-rich plasma in other specialties</p> <p>Adverse effects of platelet-rich plasma</p> <p>Future direction of platelet-rich plasma: turning</p> <p>fantasy into fact</p> <p>Updates in Medical Skin Care</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Topical cosmeceutical goals</p> <p>Key points</p> <p>Skin-lightening cosmeceuticals</p> <p>Key points</p> <p>Peptide-containing cosmeceuticals</p> <p>Key points</p> <p>xii CONTENTS</p> <p>Vitamin cosmeceuticals</p> <p>Key points</p> <p>Cosmeceutical botanicals</p> <p>Key points</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Patient Safety Issues: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis by the Data</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Individualized risk stratification</p> <p>Inpatient/outpatient surgery</p> <p>Procedure-related risk</p> <p>Preoperative optimization</p> <p>Venous thromboembolism prevention strategies</p> <p>Future avenues</p> <p>Monitoring for adequacy of chemoprophylaxis</p> <p>Is the 2005 caprini risk assessment model accurate for cosmetic surgery?</p> <p>Summary</p>