Carpentry and Construction, Sixth Edition

1 Let’s Get Started<br/>Safety<br/>Other Safety Measures<br/>General Safety Rules<br/>Safety on the Job<br/>Safety Hazards<br/>Using Carpenter Tools<br/>Measuring Tools<br/>Saws<br/>Hammers and Other Small Tools<br/>Squares<br/>Power Tools<br/>Following Correct Sequences<br/>Preparing the Site<br/>The Basement<br/>The Floor<br/>Wall Frames<br/>Sheathing<br/>Roofing<br/>Siding<br/>Finishing<br/>The Laser Level<br/>Chapter 1 Study Questions<br/>2 Site Preparation<br/>Basic Sequence<br/>Locating the Building on the Site<br/>Property Boundaries<br/>Laying Out the Foundation<br/>The Builder’s Level<br/>How Does It Work?<br/>Three Main Parts of a Builder’s Level<br/>Preparing the Instrument<br/>The Level-Transit<br/>Using the Level and Level-Transit<br/>Establishing Elevations<br/>Using the Leveling Rod<br/>Preparing the Site<br/>Clearing<br/>Excavation<br/>Providing Access During Construction<br/>Materials Storage<br/>Temporary Utilities<br/>Waste Disposal<br/>Arranging Delivery Routes<br/>Chapter 2 Study Questions<br/>3 Footings and Foundations<br/>Footings<br/>Sequence<br/>Lay Out the Footings<br/>Soil Strength<br/>Footing Width<br/>Locating Footing Depth<br/>Footings Under Columns<br/>Special Strength Needs<br/>Reinforcement and Strength<br/>Excavating the Footings<br/>Finding Trench Depth<br/>Excavating for Deep Footings<br/>Excavating for Shallow Footings<br/>Slab Footings and Basements<br/>Building the Forms for the Footings<br/>Forms Layout<br/>Nails<br/>Putting Up the Forms<br/>Working with Concrete<br/>Reinforcement<br/>Specifying Concrete<br/>Setting Time<br/>Concrete Estimating<br/>Pouring the Concrete<br/>Slump Test<br/>Building the Foundation Forms<br/>Form Spacing<br/>Constructing the Forms<br/>Joining the Forms Together<br/>Spreaders<br/>Panel Forms<br/>One-Piece Forms<br/>Special Forms<br/>Openings and Special Shapes<br/>Reinforcing Concrete Foundations<br/>Estimating Concrete Volume<br/>Delivery and Pouring<br/>Finishing the Concrete<br/>Concrete Block Walls<br/>Plywood Foundations<br/>Drainage and Waterproofing<br/>Waterproofing Basement Walls<br/>Basement Walls Coatings<br/>Gray Wall<br/>Termites<br/>Types of Termites<br/>Termite Protection<br/>Termites and Treated Wood<br/>Pressure-Treated Wood<br/>Preservatives<br/>Above-Ground and In-Ground Treatment<br/>Nails and Fasteners<br/>Handling and Storing Treated Wood<br/>Chapter 3 Study Questions<br/>4 Concrete Slabs and Floors<br/>Slabs<br/>The Slab Sequence<br/>Types of Slabs<br/>Excavate<br/>Construct the Forms<br/>Prepare the Subsurface<br/>Different Shapes<br/>Pouring the Slab<br/>Expansion and Contraction<br/>Joints<br/>Concrete Floors<br/>Stairs<br/>Sidewalks and Driveways<br/>Sidewalks<br/>Driveways<br/>Special Finishes and Surfaces<br/>Surface Textures<br/>Energy Factors<br/>Chapter 4 Study Questions<br/>5 Floor Frames<br/>Floors<br/>Framing Methods<br/>Balloon-Frame Construction<br/>Platform-Frame Construction<br/>Sequence<br/>Placement of the Sill<br/>Anchor the Sill<br/>Setting Girders<br/>Joists<br/>Lay Out the Joists<br/>Engineered Wood Joists<br/>Cut Joists<br/>Setting the Joists<br/>Fire and Draft Stops<br/>Bridging<br/>Subfloors<br/>Plywood Subfloor<br/>Chipboard and Fiberboard<br/>Laying Sheets<br/>Board Subflooring<br/>Special Joists<br/>Overhangs<br/>Cantilevered In-Line Joist System<br/>Sunken Floors<br/>Low Profiles<br/>Energy Factors<br/>Moisture Barriers<br/>Energy Plenums<br/>Chapter 5 Study Questions<br/>6 Framing Walls<br/>Framing<br/>Sequence<br/>Wall Layout<br/>Plate Layout<br/>Stud Layout<br/>Corner Studs<br/>Partition Studs<br/>Find Stud Length<br/>Frame Rough Openings<br/>Header Size<br/>Cutting Studs to Length<br/>Cutting Tips<br/>Wall Assembly<br/>Nailing Studs to Plates<br/>Corner Braces<br/>Plywood Corner Braces<br/>Diagonal Corner Braces<br/>Erect the Walls<br/>Wall Sheathing<br/>To Raise the Wall<br/>Put Up a Temporary Brace<br/>Interior Walls<br/>Locate Soleplates for Partitions<br/>Studs<br/>Corners<br/>Headers and Trimmers<br/>Soleplate<br/>Special Walls<br/>Soundproofing<br/>Sheathing<br/>Fiberboard Sheathing<br/>Plywood Sheathing<br/>“Energy” Sheathing<br/>Boards<br/>Factors in Wall Construction<br/>Standard Spacing<br/>Notching and Boring<br/>Modular Standards<br/>Energy<br/>Chapter 6 Study Questions<br/>7 Framing the Roof<br/>Roofs<br/>Framing Lumber<br/>Standard Sizes of Bulk Lumber<br/>Grades of Lumber<br/>Roof Shapes<br/>Sequence<br/>Truss Roofs<br/>Truss Construction<br/>Truss Disadvantages<br/>The Framing Square<br/>Parts of the Square<br/>Steel Square Uses<br/>Roof Framing<br/>Roof Terms<br/>Principal Roof Frame Members<br/>Rafters<br/>Layout of a Rafter<br/>Lengths of Rafters<br/>Common Rafters<br/>Hip-and-Valley Rafters<br/>Jack Rafters<br/>Brace Measuring<br/>Erecting the Roof with Rafters<br/>Rafter Layout<br/>Raising Rafters<br/>Special Rafters<br/>Dormers<br/>Bay Windows<br/>Ceiling Joists<br/>Openings<br/>Decking<br/>Plywood Decking<br/>Boards for Decking<br/>Shingle Stringers<br/>Constructing Special Shapes<br/>Gambrel-Shaped-Roof Storage Shed<br/>Mansard Roofs<br/>Post-and-Beam Roofs<br/>Roof Load Factors<br/>Laying Out a Stair<br/>Aluminum Soffit<br/>Material Availability<br/>Metal Connectors<br/>Chapter 7 Study Questions<br/>8 Roofs and Roofing<br/>Roofing<br/>Sequence<br/>Types of Roofs<br/>Drainage Factors<br/>Roofing Terms<br/>Pitch<br/>Slope<br/>Estimating Roofing Quantities<br/>Estimating Area<br/>Horizontal Area<br/>Computation of Roof Areas<br/>Duplications<br/>Converting Horizontal to Slope Areas<br/>Accessories<br/>Length of Rake<br/>Hips and Valleys<br/>Dormer Valleys<br/>Roofing Tools<br/>Safety<br/>Appearance<br/>Applying an Asphalt Roof<br/>Roof Problems<br/>Putting Down Shingles<br/>Nails<br/>Fasteners for Nonwood Materials<br/>Shingle Selection<br/>Cements<br/>Starter Course<br/>Starting at the Center (Hip Roof)<br/>Valleys<br/>Flashing Against a Vertical Wall<br/>Chimneys<br/>Soil Stacks<br/>Strip Shingles<br/>Deck Preparation<br/>First and Succeeding Courses<br/>Ribbon Courses<br/>Wind Protection<br/>Two- and Three-Tab Hex Strips<br/>Hips and Ridges<br/>Steep-Slope and Mansard Roofs<br/>Interlocking Shingles<br/>Hips and Ridges<br/>Roll Roofing<br/>Windy Locations<br/>Exposed Nails—Parallel to the Rake<br/>Hips and Ridges<br/>Wood Shingles<br/>Sizing Up the Job<br/>Roof Exposure<br/>Estimating Shingles Needed<br/>Tools of the Trade<br/>Applying the Shingle Roof<br/>Valleys and Flashings<br/>Shingling at Roof Junctures<br/>Applying Shingles to Hips and Ridges<br/>Nails for Wooden Shingles<br/>Chapter 8 Study Questions<br/>9 Windows and Doors<br/>Sequence<br/>Types of Windows<br/>Preparing the Rough Opening for a Window<br/>Steps in Preparing the Rough Opening<br/>Installing a Wood Window<br/>Installing Windows by Nailing the Flange to the Sheathing<br/>Skylights<br/>Installing a Skylight<br/>Preparing the Roof Opening<br/>Cutting the Roof Opening<br/>Framing the Roof Opening<br/>Mounting the Skylight<br/>Sealing the Installation<br/>Replacing the Shingles<br/>Preparing the Ceiling Opening<br/>Framing the Ceiling Opening<br/>Constructing the Light Shaft<br/>Operation and Maintenance of Skylights<br/>Condensation<br/>Care and Maintenance<br/>Tube-Type Skylights<br/>Terms Used in Window Installation<br/>Prehung Doors<br/>Types of Doors<br/>Installing an Exterior Door<br/>Hanging a Two-Door System<br/>Handing Instructions<br/>Metal Doors<br/>Installing Folding Doors<br/>Door and Window Trim<br/>Interior Door Trim<br/>Window Trim<br/>Installing Locks<br/>Storm Doors and Windows<br/>Installing a Sliding Door<br/>Preparation of the Rough Opening<br/>Installation of a Wood Sliding Door<br/>Masonry or Brick-Veneer Wall Installation of a Sliding Door<br/>Installation of a Perma-Shield Sliding Door<br/>Installing a Garage Door<br/>Energy Factors<br/>Chapter 9 Study Questions<br/>10 Exterior Walls<br/>Walls<br/>Cornice<br/>Types of Siding<br/>Sequence<br/>Job Preparation<br/>Vapor Barrier<br/>Nail Selection<br/>Estimating the Siding Needed<br/>Scaffolding<br/>Job-Built Scaffolds<br/>Factory Scaffolds<br/>Ladder Use<br/>Ladder Safety<br/>Scaffold Safety<br/>Roof Edges<br/>Open Eaves<br/>Enclosed Cornices<br/>Siding the Gable Ends<br/>Installing Siding<br/>Board Siding<br/>Siding Layout<br/>Nailing<br/>Corner Finishing<br/>Panel Siding<br/>Nails and Nailing<br/>Nail Shanks<br/>Nail Points<br/>Screws Instead of Nails<br/>Shingle and Shake Siding<br/>Shingles<br/>Nailing<br/>Shakes<br/>Corners<br/>Preparation for Other Wall Finishes<br/>Stucco Finish<br/>Brick and Stone Coverings<br/>Aluminum Siding<br/>Vertical Aluminum Siding<br/>Solid Vinyl Siding<br/>Chapter 10 Study Questions<br/>11 House Wiring<br/>Local Distribution<br/>Farm Electricity<br/>Safety Around Electricity<br/>Grounded Conductors<br/>House Service<br/>Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)<br/>Service Entrance<br/>Planning<br/>Permits<br/>Local Regulations<br/>Service from Head to Box<br/>Installation of the Service<br/>Inserting Wire into a Conduit<br/>Distribution Panels<br/>Romex Cable<br/>Wire Size<br/>Planning the Right Size Service and Circuits<br/>150-Ampere Service<br/>Branch Circuits<br/>Electric Space Heating<br/>Air Conditioning<br/>Space Heating and Air-Conditioning Outlets<br/>Entrance Signals<br/>Cable Television<br/>Installing Romex<br/>Box Volume<br/>Lighting Fixtures<br/>Wires and Boxes<br/>Electric Ranges<br/>Connecting Ranges Permanently<br/>Sizing a Range over 12,000 Watts<br/>Tap Conductors<br/>Clothes Dryers<br/>Microwave Ovens<br/>Overhead Garage Doors<br/>Garage Door Opener<br/>Electric Water Heaters<br/>Garbage Disposers<br/>Air Conditioners<br/>Newer Wiring Systems<br/>High-Speed, High-Performance Cable for Voice and Data Applications<br/>Installation of Cable<br/>Service Center<br/>Chapter 11 Study Questions<br/>12 Plumbing<br/>Sequence<br/>Plumbing Systems<br/>Supply Lines<br/>Drains<br/>P Traps and Drains<br/>System Vents<br/>Cleanouts<br/>Planning<br/>Contractors and Plumbers<br/>Pipe Type<
br/>Locating Pipes<br/>Chapter 12 Study Questions<br/>13 Insulation<br/>Types of Insulation<br/>How Much Is Enough?<br/>Where to Insulate<br/>Installing Insulation<br/>Installing Insulation in Ceilings<br/>Installation Safety<br/>Installing Insulation in Unfloored Attics<br/>Installing Insulation in Floored Attics<br/>Installing Insulation in Floors<br/>Insulating Basement Walls<br/>Insulating Crawl Spaces<br/>Installing Insulation in Walls<br/>Vapor Barriers and Moisture Control<br/>Condensation<br/>Thermal Ceilings<br/>Installing Thermal Ceiling Panels<br/>Decorative Beams<br/>Storm Windows<br/>Storm Doors<br/>Sealants<br/>Winterizing a Home<br/>Insulating Foam Sealant<br/>Chapter 13 Study Questions<br/>14 Interior Walls and Ceilings<br/>Sequence<br/>Putting Insulation in Walls<br/>Installing a Moisture Barrier<br/>Putting Up Gypsum Board<br/>Putting Up the Ceiling<br/>Applying Ceiling Sheets<br/>Cutting Gypsum Board<br/>Applying Wall Sheets<br/>Double-Ply Construction<br/>Finishing Joints and Seams<br/>Ceiling Panels<br/>Tub and Shower Wall Preparation<br/>Paneling Walls<br/>Board Walls<br/>Plastered Wall Preparation<br/>Nailing Plaster Grounds<br/>Finishing Masonry Walls<br/>Ceiling Tile Installation<br/>Tiles Over Flat Ceilings<br/>Furring Strips Used to Install Ceiling Tile<br/>Suspended Ceilings Installation<br/>Concealed Suspended Ceilings<br/>Environmental Concerns<br/>Chapter 14 Study Questions<br/>15 Interior Finishing<br/>Sequence<br/>Interior Doors and Window Frames<br/>Standard Sizes of Doors<br/>Interior Doors<br/>Doors<br/>Window Trim<br/>Finishing Wooden-Frame Windows<br/>Finishing Metal Window Frames<br/>Cabinets and Millwork<br/>Installing Ready-Built Cabinets<br/>Kitchen Planning<br/>Making Custom Cabinets<br/>Shelves<br/>Applying Finish Trim<br/>Applying Finish Materials<br/>Applying Stain<br/>Applying the Wall Finish<br/>Floor Preparation and Finish<br/>Laying Wooden Flooring<br/>Preparation for Laying Flooring<br/>Finishing Floors<br/>Finishing Wood Floors<br/>Base Flooring for Carpet<br/>Installing Carpet<br/>Resilient Flooring<br/>Installing Resilient Flooring Sheets<br/>Installing Resilient Block Flooring<br/>Laying Ceramic Tile<br/>Environmental Concerns<br/>Chapter 15 Study Questions<br/>16 Paints and Painting<br/>Coatings<br/>Pigments<br/>Paint<br/>Stains<br/>Before You Start Painting<br/>Enamels<br/>Shellac<br/>Proper Surface Preparation<br/>Brushes<br/>Wood Stains<br/>Tung Oil and Lacquer<br/>Lacquer<br/>Paint Scrapers or Removers<br/>Rollers<br/>Spray Guns<br/>Drop Cloths<br/>Setting Up a Ladder<br/>Chapter 16 Study Questions<br/>17 Special Construction Methods<br/>Stairs<br/>Stair Parts<br/>Stair Shapes<br/>Stair Design<br/>Sequence in Stair Construction<br/>Carriage Layout<br/>Frame the Stairs<br/>Install Housed Carriages<br/>Stair Systems<br/>Upeasings, Caps, and Quarterturns<br/>Starting Steps<br/>Treads and Risers<br/>Rosettes and Brackets<br/>Folding Stairs<br/>Locating the Stairway<br/>Making the Rough Opening<br/>Temporary Support for the Stairway<br/>Placing Stairway in the Rough Opening<br/>Adjustments<br/>Fireplace Frames<br/>Ceilings and Roofs Openings<br/>Fireplace Types<br/>General Design Factors<br/>Gas Vents<br/>Round Gas Vent<br/>Air Supply<br/>Vent Connector Type and Size<br/>Vent Location<br/>Clearances and Enclosures<br/>Fire Stopping<br/>Use of Gas-Vent Fittings<br/>Minimum Gas-Vent Height<br/>Support<br/>Gas Termination<br/>Top Installation<br/>Top Installation of 10- to 24-Inch Vents<br/>Checking Vent Operation<br/>Painting<br/>Post-and-Beam Construction<br/>General Procedures<br/>Decks<br/>Platform<br/>Frame<br/>Support<br/>Guard Rails<br/>Raised Deck<br/>Steps<br/>Concrete Patios<br/>Sand and Gravel Base<br/>Expansion Joints<br/>The Mix<br/>Forms<br/>Placing the Joints<br/>Pouring the Concrete<br/>Finishing<br/>Floating<br/>Troweling<br/>Brooming<br/>Grooving<br/>Fences<br/>Installation<br/>Setting Posts<br/>Attaching the Rails<br/>Attaching Fenceboards<br/>Nails and Fasteners<br/>Gates<br/>Energy Conservation<br/>Chapter 17 Study Questions<br/>18 Maintenance and Remodeling<br/>Planning the Job<br/>Diagnosing Problems<br/>Sequencing Work to Be Done<br/>Minor Repairs and Remodeling<br/>Adjusting Doors<br/>Adjusting Locks<br/>Installing Drapery Hardware<br/>Repairing Damaged Sheetrock Walls (Drywall)<br/>Installing New Countertops<br/>Repairing a Leaking Roof<br/>Replacing Guttering<br/>Extruding Gutters to Fit the House<br/>Replacing a Floor<br/>Paneling a Room<br/>Installing a Ceiling<br/>Replacing an Outside Basement Door<br/>Converting Existing Spaces<br/>Adding a Bathroom<br/>Providing Additional Storage<br/>Enclosing a Porch<br/>Adding Space to Existing Buildings<br/>Planning an Addition<br/>Specifications<br/>Creating New Structures<br/>Custom-Built Storage Shed<br/>Environmental Concerns<br/>Chapter 18 Study Questions<br/>19 The Carpenter and the Industry<br/>Broadening Horizons in Carpentry<br/>New Building Materials<br/>Changing Construction Procedures<br/>Innovations in Building Design<br/>Building Codes And Zoning Provisions<br/>Building Codes<br/>Community Planning and Zoning<br/>Overbuilding<br/>Trends and Effects<br/>Manufactured Housing<br/>Types of Factory-Produced Buildings<br/>Premanufactured Apartments<br/>Manufactured Homes<br/>Newer Plastic Pipes<br/>The Green Home and the Carpenter<br/>Carpenters and the Trade<br/>Chapter 19 Study Questions<br/>20 Bathrooms<br/>Room Arrangement<br/>Function and Size<br/>Building Codes<br/>Plumbing<br/>Electrical<br/>Ventilation<br/>Spacing<br/>Other Requirements<br/>Various Types of Floor Coverings<br/>Furnishings<br/>Fixtures<br/>Toilet Selection<br/>Toilet Installation<br/>Bidets<br/>Vanity Areas<br/>Countertop Basins<br/>Other Materials for Countertops<br/>Wall-Mounted Basins<br/>Bathing Areas<br/>Bathtubs<br/>Showers<br/>Fittings<br/>Lighting and Electrical Considerations<br/>Bathroom Built-Ins<br/>Bathroom Layouts<br/>Wheelchair Accessible<br/>Floors and Walls<br/>Environmental Considerations<br/>Chapter 20 Study Questions<br/>21 Construction for Solar Heating<br/>Passive Solar Heating<br/>Indirect Gain<br/>Direct Gain<br/>Isolated Gain<br/>Time-Lag Heating<br/>Underground Heating<br/>Passive Cooling Systems<br/>Natural Ventilation<br/>Induced Ventilation<br/>Desiccant Cooling<br/>Evaporative Cooling<br/>Night-Sky Radiation Cooling<br/>Time-Lag Cooling<br/>Underground Cooling<br/>Active Solar Heating Systems<br/>Operation of Solar Heating Systems<br/>Domestic Water-Heating System<br/>Indirect Heating/Circulating Systems<br/>Air Transfer<br/>Cycle Operation<br/>Designing the Domestic Water-Heating System<br/>Other Components<br/>Is This for Me?<br/>Building Modifications<br/>Building Underground<br/>Advantages<br/>Chapter 21 Study Questions<br/>22 Alternative Framing Methods<br/>Wood Frames Predominate<br/>Steel Framing<br/>Advantages and Disadvantages of Steel-Framed Homes<br/>Types of Steel Framing<br/>Tools Used in Steel Framing<br/>Sequence<br/>Galvanized Framing<br/>Insulated Concrete Forms<br/>Advantages and Disadvantages to ICFs<br/>Tools Used in Insulated Concrete Form Framing<br/>Sequence<br/>Types of Foam<br/>Three Types of ICF Systems<br/>Foam Working Tools<br/>Gluing and Tying Units<br/>Pouring Concrete<br/>Concrete Block<br/>Chapter 22 Study Questions<br/>23 Permanent Wood Foundation System<br/>Panel Foundations<br/>Building Materials<br/>Energy Considerations<br/>Finishing<br/>Adding Living Space<br/>Remodeling<br/>Flexibility<br/>Pressure-Treated Wood Concerns and Considerations<br/>Types of Wood Preservative<br/>Constructing the PWF<br/>Radon<br/>Advantages of the PWF<br/>Soil Conditions<br/>Site Preparation<br/>Footings and Backfill<br/>Site Drainage<br/>Building the PWF Step by Step<br/>Finishing a PWF House<br/>24 Private Water Systems<br/>Public Water Supplies<br/>Private Water Systems<br/>Drilling a Well, Boring a Well, or Driving a Well<br/>Drinking Water<br/>Well Water<br/>Water Pressure<br/>Pressure Tanks<br/>Operation of the Pressure Tank<br/>Pressure Switch<br/>Relief Valve (Pressure)<br/>Pump Installation<br/>Test Run<br/>Pressure Tank Installation<br/>Water Conditioning Equipment<br/>Locating the Equipment<br/>Chapter 24 Study Questions<br/>25 Private Sewage Facilities<br/>Septic Tanks and Disposal Fields<br/>Septic Tank Operation<br/>Septic Tank Location<br/>Septic Tank Disposal Field<br/>The Grease Trap<br/>Newer Wastewater Treatments<br/>Environmental Concerns<br/>Chapter 25 Study Questions<br/>Glossary<br/>Index