The Handbook of Political Behavior

1 Political Psychology: a Whig History.- Some Intellectual Predecessors of Political Psychology.- The Dawn of Modern Psychology.- Wilhelm Wundt.- William James.- Psychoanalysis and the Instincts.- William McDougall.- Behaviorism.- Political Psychology Emerges in the Twentieth Century.- Graham Wallas.- Harold Lasswell.- Junius Flagg Brown.- The Lasswellian Era: 1930–1950.- B. F. Skinner: Radical Behaviorism.- Focus on the Child.- Attitudes.- Psychology and Social Issues.- Kurt Lewin.- Learning Theory and Psychoanalysis.- Need Hierarchy Theory.- Authoritarianism and Alienation: The 1950s.- Criticism of the Authoritarian Personality.- Personality and Ideology.- Riesman and Erikson.- Social Psychology.- Hyman’s Political Socialization.- The New Frontier in Political Psychology: Personal Efficacy and Involvement in the 1960s.- The American Voter.- Social Motivation: The Concept of Competence.- Learned Motives: The Need for Achievement.- Powerlessness and Personal Control.- Psychology, Intergroup Conflict, and Aggression.- Psychological Conceptions of Political Leaders.- Political Socialization and the Study of Student Activists.- Mapping the Causes of Political Behavior.- The Escalation of Psychological Approaches in the 1970s.- Political Psychology Emerges as a Self-Conscious Discipline.- Problems of Conception, Integration, and Ethics.- Some Current Research Topics.- “Psychological” Variables: A Theoretical Note.- Personality: Normal and Deviant.- Types and Traits.- Social Psychological Approaches.- Summary and Concluding Statement.- References.- 2 Perception and Cognition: an Information-Processing Framework for Politics.- Some Problems in Behavioral Research on Politics.- Problematic Assumptions about Political Behavior.- Problems in Measuring Political Behavior.- The Absence of Grounded Concepts.- Toward Integrated Models of Thought, Behavior, and Political Process.- Perception and Cognition: Clarifying the Concepts.- The Interaction of Perception and Cognition in Sensory Processes.- The Perceptual and Cognitive Foundations of Emotions.- Learning, Perception, and Culture.- Logical Arguments for and against the Independence of Perception and Cognition.- A Framework for Clarifying the Relations between Perception and Cognition.- Perception and Politics.- The Relevance of Perception Variables for Political Analysis.- Theories of Perception and Their Applications to Political Analysis.- Psychophysics and the Split Brain: Some Ordering Principles for Flexible Models of Perception.- Cataloging the Variables in Perception Research.- Perception: The Simple and the Complex of It.- Cognition and Politics.- The Foundations of Cognition: Learning and Memory.- Cognitive Development.- Styles of Political Thought.- New Conceptions of Belief Systems.- Conclusion: The Relations between Political Thought and Political Behavior.- References.- 3 Psychobiography and Psychohistory.- Definition.- Varieties of Explanation.- Psychobiography: Causal Explanations of Individuals.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- Psychobiography: Coherent Whole Explanations of Individuals.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- Social Psychohistory: Causal Explanations of Group Behavior.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- Social Psychohistory: Coherent Whole Explanations of Group Behavior.- In-Depth Review.- Extensive Review.- What Is to Be Done?.- References.- 4 Political Learning.- The Study of Political Learning.- A Behaviorist Stimulus-Response Model of Political Learning.- Classical Conditioning.- Instrumental Behaviors.- Generalization and Discrimination in Instrumental Learning.- Nonexperiential Learning.- Observational Modeling.- Symbolic Learning.- Symbol Manipulation.- Related Cognitive Processes.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5 Community Psychology.- Historical Events in the Formation of Community Psychology.- Issues in the Definition of Community Psychology.- Problems of Knowledge Base.- Problems of Professional Role Definition.- Problems of Community Settings.- Problems of Training and Personnel.- Models of Community Psychology.- Mental Health Model.- Organizational Model.- Social Action Model.- Ecological Model.- Persistent Common Concerns.- Social Roles.- Citizen Participation.- Toward a Psychology of the Community.- Perspectives on Community Problems.- The Problem of Community Settings.- References.