Sediments and Toxic Substances

1 Sediment Quality Assessment: Chemical and Biological Approaches.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Chemical Methods.- 1.3 Integrated Chemical and Biological Methods.- 1.4 Tiered Sediment Assessment Strategy.- 1.5 Conclusions.- Laboratory Studies.- 2 The Influence of Diagenetic Processes on the Exchange of Trace Contaminants at the Sediment-Water Interface.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Materials and Methods.- 2.3 Results and Discussion.- 3 Interaction of Pesticides with River Sediments and Characterization of Organic Matter of the Sediments.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Experimental.- 3.3 Results and Discussion.- 3.4 Conclusion.- 4 Partitioning Behaviour of Phenols Between Water and Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Interfaces.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Fundamentals.- 4.3 Adsorption of Phenols on Hydrophilic Mineral Surfaces.- 4.4 Sorption of Phenols on Coated Surfaces.- 4.5 Adsorption of Colloidal Particles on Surfaces.- 4.6 The Partition Coeffient: kD.- 4.7 Concluding Remarks.- 5 Sorption Properties of Biofilms.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Composition and Properties of Biofilms.- 5.3 Biofilms and Sorption.- 5.4 Sorption Sites in Biofilms.- 5.5 Remobilization.- 5.6 Concluding Remarks.- 6 Ecotoxicity of Certain Heavy Metals Affecting Bacteria-Mediated Biogeochemical Pathways in Sediments.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Heavy Metal Resistance of Bacteria.- 6.3 The Gap Between Microbial Physiology and Ecology.- 6.4 Influence of Cd, Hg, and Cu on Some Key Measures of Microbiological Sediment Analysis.- 6.5 Conclusions.- 7 Bioassays on Sediment Toxicity.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Ecological Requirements.- 7.3 Organismic Responses in Sediments and Impacts of Environmental Stressors.- 7.4 Enzymatic Inhibition (Cholinesterase) in Sediment Organisms.- 7.5 Genetic Damage.- 7.6 Ecological Relevance of Biological Responses in Sediments.- 7.7 Recommendations.- Field Studies.- 8 Trace Element Diagenesis in Polluted Sediments of the River Elbe Estuary.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Materials and Methods.- 8.3 Results and Discussion.- 8.4 Conclusions.- 9 Mercury Distribution and Speciation in a Polluted Fluvial System.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Results.- 9.3 Conclusions.- 10 Organotin Compounds in Sediments of the Rivers Elbe and Mulde.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Organotin Compounds in Elbe and Mulde Sediments.- 10.3 Analytical and Chemical Methods — Species Analysis.- 10.4 Conclusions.- Modelling Aspects.- 11 Advective Transport of Interacting Solutes: The Chromatographic Model.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Transport Equations.- 11.3 Riemann Problem and Centred Waves.- 11.4 Analytical Integration of Transport Equations.- 11.5 Coherence Conditions, Rankine-Hugoniot Relation and Retardations.- 11.6 The Jacobian and the Retardation Matrix.- 11.7 Topology of Waves for Multicomponent Langmuir-Type Isotherms.- 11.8 Waves in Two-Component Systems.- 11.9 Barrier Against Remobilization of a Contaminant.- 11.10 Conclusions.- Appendices.- Glossary of Notation.